Aqueous Extract of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Reduces Anxiety and Depressive-Like Behaviors Induced by Nicotine Withdrawal in Male Rats

Abstract

Background: Anxiety and depressive-like symptoms are common during the discontinuation of addictive substances, underscoring the need for effective interventions. We aimed to evaluate whether an aqueous extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) could attenuate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by nicotine withdrawal in male rats.

Methods: Adolescent male rats received daily nicotine administration for 21 d. After cessation, the animals entered a 21-day withdrawal period during which they were treated with the saffron aqueous extract. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and Forced Swim Test (FST) to evaluate anxiety- and depression-related responses.

Results: Nicotine withdrawal produced marked anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Administration of the saffron extract during the withdrawal phase significantly alleviated these behavioral disturbances.

Conclusion: Saffron may have therapeutic potential in mitigating emotional disturbances associated with nicotine withdrawal. Given the high prevalence of nicotine use among adolescents and their susceptibility to withdrawal-induced psychological symptoms, further research into the underlying mechanisms and clinical applicability of saffron is warranted to inform strategies for managing withdrawal-related affective disturbances.