Postpartum depression among primigravida mothers in Kabul, Afghanistan

Abstract

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health condition that affects women after childbirth, with significant implications for the well-being of both mothers and infants. Primigravida mothers, who are pregnant for the first time, may be particularly vulnerable to PPD. However, research on PPD among primigravida mothers in low- and middle-income countries such as Afghanistan is limited. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors of PPD among primigravida mothers in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were collected from 200 primigravida mothers who gave birth in Rabia Balkhi and Malalai Hospitals in Kabul. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for assessing PPD symptoms, and risk factors for PPD. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and SPSS.

Results: The study findings revealed that 42.5% of the primigravida mothers in Kabul experienced symptoms of PPD according to EPDS scores. This prevalence rate was higher than global estimates and previous studies in high-income countries. Risk factors associated with PPD among primigravida mothers in Kabul included a history of depression or mental health problems (55.5%), job loss or financial difficulties (74.5%), trauma related to natural disasters or war (63%), experiences of physical or verbal abuse (34.5%), lack of social support or feelings of isolation (23%), and difficulties adjusting to motherhood (48.5%).

Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and risk factors of PPD among primigravida mothers in Kabul, Afghanistan. The findings highlight the urgent need for interventions to address PPD in this population and support the mental health of new mothers. Healthcare providers, policymakers, and advocacy groups should prioritize screening for PPD, provide targeted support and interventions, and address the socioeconomic and environmental challenges faced by primigravida mothers. Investment in mental health services, policy changes, and public health campaigns are crucial to improving maternal mental health outcomes in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Keywords: Postpartum depression, Primigravida mothers.